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UL flame retardant grade introduction
FT1: Vertical burning test (no requirement for drops)
FT2: Horizontal combustion test
FT3: Vertical burning incendiary drop test (cannot ignite newsprint)
FT4: Vertical combustion test in a closed combustion chamber (similar to a closed building) thermal energy 70,000 btu/h
FT5: Flame resistance test, usually used in underground work portable CABLE
UL Fire Rating:
A: Horizontal Fire Test
B: VW-1: Vertical fire test, drops cannot ignite cotton wool. VW-1SC: Vertical fire test, insulated core wire is tested separately from finished wire.
C: CL2 (VERTICAL TRAY FLAM TEST): Vertical fire test in a closed combustion chamber (similar to the closed building UL1581).
D：CL2R(RISET CABLE)
E：CL2P(PLENUM CABLE)
F: CM (COMMUNICATION CABLE); G: CMR; H: CMP.
UL Plastics 94-V0 (94V0 is the so-called flame retardant grade, which is divided into 5 grades) 94-V0 will not ignite when the fire leaves the room and goes out immediately.
94-V1 When burning, the fire will burn for 1 second and then go out immediately without spontaneous combustion.
94-V2 The fire burns for 2 seconds and then goes out without spontaneous combustion.
94-V5 Burns for 5 seconds after the fire has been removed from the burner and will not ignite spontaneously.
94-HB Burns to carbon when flame is removed.
Comparison of UL94 Flame Retardant Ratings for Plastics and UL 1581 VW-1 Flame Retardant Ratings
There are 12 types in UL94: HB, V-0, V-1, V-2, 5VA, 5VB, VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2, HBF, HF-1, HF-2.
Flammability UL94 rating is the most widely used flammability performance standard for plastic materials. It is used to evaluate the ability of a material to extinguish when ignited. According to the burning speed, burning time, resistance to dripping, and whether or not the droplet burns can be judged in a variety of ways. Many values can be obtained for each material tested, depending on color or thickness. When a material is selected for a product, the UL rating should meet the thickness requirements of the wall portion of the plastic part. the UL rating should be reported along with the thickness value; it is not sufficient to report the UL rating without the thickness.
Flame retardant ratings for plastics increase from HB, V-2, V-1, V-0, 5VB to 5VA:
HB: The lowest flame retardant rating in the UL94 standard. Requires a burning speed of less than 40 mm per minute for samples 3 to 13 mm thick and less than 70 mm per minute for samples less than 3 mm thick.
burn at a rate of less than 70 mm per minute; or extinguish before the 100 mm mark.
V-2: After two 10-second burn tests on the sample, the residual flame & afterburning are extinguished within 60 seconds. Dripping particles can ignite cotton.
V-1: After two 10-second burn tests on the sample, the residual flame & afterburning are extinguished within 60 seconds. The dripping particles may not ignite the cotton.
V-0: After two 10-second burn tests on the sample, the residual flame & afterburning are extinguished within 30 seconds. Droplets must not ignite the cotton.
5VB: After five 5-second burn tests, the flame & afterburning are extinguished within 60 seconds. Dripping particles must not ignite the cotton. Burn-through is permitted for lumpy samples.
5VA: After five 5-second burn tests on the sample, the flame & afterburning are extinguished within 30 seconds. Droplets must not ignite the cotton. Lumpy samples are not allowed to burn through.
UL1581 wire burning method:
1、VW-1：Vertical Flammability Test (UL Wire Flammability Rating)
2、FT1：Vertical burning test;
3, FT2: horizontal combustion test;
4, FT4: vertical combustion test;
5, FT6: horizontal combustion and smoke test. (The FT class is the CSA standard for wire combustion rating)
The above levels: ...VW-1 and FT1 the same level...FT2 is the easiest to pass, the lowest level.... (FT6>FT4>FT1>FT2);
VW-1 is stricter than FT1, both of them are vertical burning.
1. The burn mark (kraft paper) cannot be charred more than 25%;
2. five 15-second burns must not be continued for more than 60 seconds. 3;
3. the combustion drippings must not ignite the cotton;
VW-1 requires that 1, 2, and 3 be met; FT1 requires that only 1 and 2 be met.For the wire industry:
UL 94 V-2, V-1, V-0, 5VA,5VB assessment of the materials used in the wire, the test to be used in addition to the test material to develop a standard sample, will not be identified on the wire.
VW-1 VW -2 FT-1 FT-2 test is the wire itself, after passing the test, you can mark the corresponding grade on the wire.
Flame retardant wire and UL94 flame retardant are two different things, for example, an insulating material can pass UL94 V-0, but not necessarily pass VW-1;
In addition, UL94 is the flame retardant insulating material, while the flame retardant requirements of electrical wires are generally in UL758 62 1581; the object is different;
Therefore, V-0, V-1 and other UL94 flame retardant is not the flame retardant of the wire at all; there is no "V-0" printed on the AWM wire!
VW-1/FT1 and UL94 V0 combustion test in the equipment there is a big difference:
1, the height and temperature of the flame is different
2, the methane flow used in the test is also different
3, methane back pressure is also different
4, the volume of the combustion box is also different: VW-1 requires more than 4 cubic meters, while the V0 only requires more than 0.5 cubic meters can be
5, the number of combustion is also different
6, combustion results: V0 requires recording the residual burning time, while VW-1 is not necessary!
But UL94 5V level combustion and VW-1 combustion test conditions and test methods are similar, closer!
As a reminder: whether it is VW-1 or UL94 combustion test equipment, have to refer to ASTM5025 and ASTM5027.
UL1581 and UL94 is only the test method, the requirements of the test equipment must be in accordance with ASTM standards!
UL94 and VW-1 test on the difference between the equipment
UL94 combustion test in the HB, V0, V1, V2, VMT, 5VA, 5VB and other combustion tests, and UL1581 VW-1, FT1, FT2, FT4 and other combustion tests.
The difference between these two tests in terms of equipment is as follows:
VW-1 \ FT1 blowtorch for: 125mm (500W), combustion flame: internal flame height of 40 ± 2mm, external flame 125 ± 10mm
UL94 HB, V-class blowtorch for: 20mm (50W), combustion flame: blue flame without cone, height 20 ± 1mm
UL94 5V level combustion is used 125mm (500W), combustion flame: inner flame height 40 ± 2mm, outer flame 125 ± 10mm
The flame temperature of the flame is also different:
20mm (50W) test flame: 100±2~700±3℃ for 44±2S.
125mm (500W) test flame: 100±2~700±3℃ is 54±2S.
The test space is also different:
UL94 in the HB, V, VMT its space is only required to be greater than 0.5 cubic meters can be, while the 5V requires more than 0.75 cubic meters.
VW-1 requires more than 4 cubic meters
Methane flow requirements are different:
HB, V, VMT gas flow rate of 105 ml / min, back pressure 10 mm water column or equivalent;
Class 5V gas flow rate of 965 ml/min, 125 ± 25 mm water column or equivalent pressure
VW-1 and UL94 in the 5V level back pressure: gas flow for 965ml/min, 125 ± 25mm water column or equivalent pressure
